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Springer
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Human Factors in Surgery
Bruce L. Gewertz, Tara N. Cohen, Eric J. Ley
- Springer
- 28 Septembre 2020
- 9783030531270
This book delivers a comprehensive review of human factors principles as they relate to surgical care inside and outside of the operating theatre. It provides multi-dimensional human-centered insights from the viewpoint of academic surgeons and experts in human factors engineering to improve workflow, treatment time, and outcomes. To guide the reader, the book begins broadly with Human Factors Principles for Surgery then narrows to a discussion of surgical specialties and scenarios. Each chapter follows the following structure: (1) An overview of the topic at hand to provide a reference for readers; (2) a case study or story to illustrate the topic; (3) a discussion of the topic including human factors insights; (4) lessons learned, or personal "pearls" related to improving the specific system described.
Written by experts in the field, Human Factors in Surgery: Enhancing Safety and Flow in Patient Care describes elements of the surgical system and highlights the lessons learned from systems engineering. It serves as a valuable resource for surgeons at any level in their training that wish to improve their practice. -
This Brief offers a comprehensive and up-to-date overview of the current developments in the field of prospective memory, or memory for delayed intentions. It explores several key areas in prospective memory research, including computational modeling, neuroscience and prospective memory, output monitoring, and implementation intentions. It seeks to increase understanding of prospective memory as well as offer the latest and most compelling findings in the field. Prospective memory, or the act of remembering to carry out a previously formed intention, requires the processes of encoding, storage, and delayed retrieval of intended actions. Chapters in this Brief discuss the implementation and execution of intended actions, as well as the conditions in which they can fail. In addition, chapters also include reviews of the current state of the neuroscience of prospective memory as well as developments in statistical modeling. Laboratory research in the field of prospective memory began in the late 1980s and since then, the number of studies has increased exponentially. This Brief provides timely and relevant information in a field that is ever expanding and growing. This Brief is an informative resource for researchers and undergraduate and graduate students in the field of psychology, cognitive psychology, and neuroscience.
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Transsphenoidal Surgery
Jr Edward R. Laws, Aaron A. Cohen-Gadol, Theodore H. Schwartz, Jason P. Sheehan
- Springer
- 15 Septembre 2017
- 9783319566917
This work details contemporary clinical knowledge on the multidisciplinary management of pituitary and other sellar/parasellar tumors, with a focus on surgical techniques and a particular emphasis on complication avoidance and management. International experts provide guidance on natural history, radiologic and clinical aspects, surgical indications, and resection techniques.In addition, case presentations and clinical photographs help the reader reduce the risk of error and advance their own surgical skills. Readers also have access online to streaming videos of key procedures to help them provide the best possible outcomes for every patient.
Transsphenoidal Surgery: Complication Avoidance and Management Techniques will be of great value to Neurosurgeons, Otolaryngologists, Endocrinologists, Radiation Oncologists, and residents and fellows in these specialties.
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Single-Molecule Fluorescence Spectroscopy of the Folding of a Repeat Protein
Sharona Cohen
- Springer
- 17 Octobre 2015
- 9783319095585
In
this thesis single-molecule fluorescence resonance energy transfer
(FRET)
spectroscopy was used to study the folding of a protein that belongs
to the large and important family of repeat proteins. Cohen shows
that the dynamics of the expanded conformations is likely to be very
fast, suggesting a spring-like motion of the whole chain. The
findings shed new light
on the elasticity of structure in repeat proteins, which is related
to their function in binding multiple and disparate partners. This
concise research summary provides useful insights for students
beginning a PhD in this or a related area, and researchers entering
this field.
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Aristotle's Practical Philosophy
Emma Cohen De Lara, Rene Brouwer
- Springer
- 8 Janvier 2018
- 9783319648255
This book is the first collection of essays in English devoted solely to the relationship between Aristotle's ethics and politics. Are ethics and politics two separate spheres of action or are they unified? Those who support the unity-thesis emphasize the centrality for Aristotle of questions about the good life and the common good as the purpose of politics. Those who defend the separation-thesis stress Aristotle's sense of realism in understanding the need for political solutions to human shortcomings. But is this all there is to it? The contributors to this volume explore and develop different arguments and interpretative frameworks that help to make sense of the relationship between Aristotle's Ethics and Politics. The chapters loosely follow the order of the Nicomachean Ethics in examining topics such as political science, statesmanship and magnanimity, justice, practical wisdom, friendship, and the relationship between the active and the contemplative life. They have in common an appreciation of the relevance of Aristotle's writings, which offer the modern reader distinct philosophical perspectives on the relationship between ethics and politics.
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Disorders of Thrombosis and Hemostasis in Pregnancy
Hannah Cohen, Patrick O'Brien
- Springer
- 18 Juin 2015
- 9783319151205
In this second edition of Disorders of Thrombosis and Hemostasis in Pregnancy - A Guide to Management the content has been thoroughly updated, with a particular focus on strengthening the management sections to ensure that advice on management represents state of the art.
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Canonical Correlation Analysis in Speech Enhancement
Jacob Benesty, Israel Cohen
- Springer
- 31 Août 2017
- 9783319670201
This book focuses on the application of canonical correlation analysis (CCA) to speech enhancement using the filtering approach. The authors explain how to derive different classes of time-domain and time-frequency-domain noise reduction filters, which are optimal from the CCA perspective for both single-channel and multichannel speech enhancement. Enhancement of noisy speech has been a challenging problem for many researchers over the past few decades and remains an active research area. Typically, speech enhancement algorithms operate in the short-time Fourier transform (STFT) domain, where the clean speech spectral coefficients are estimated using a multiplicative gain function. A filtering approach, which can be performed in the time domain or in the subband domain, obtains an estimate of the clean speech sample at every time instant or time-frequency bin by applying a filtering vector to the noisy speech vector. Compared to the multiplicative gain approach, the filtering approach more naturally takes into account the correlation of the speech signal in adjacent time frames. In this study, the authors pursue the filtering approach and show how to apply CCA to the speech enhancement problem. They also address the problem of adaptive beamforming from the CCA perspective, and show that the well-known Wiener and minimum variance distortionless response (MVDR) beamformers are particular cases of a general class of CCA-based adaptive beamformers.
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Machine Learning in Computer Vision
Nicu Sebe, Ira Cohen, Ashutosh Garg, Nicu Huang
- Springer
- 30 Mars 2006
- 9781402032752
Foreword. Preface
1. INTRODUCTION. 1 Research Issues on Learning in Computer Vision. 2 Overview of the Book. 3 Contributions.
2. THEORY: PROBABILISTIC CLASSIFIERS. 1 Introduction. 2 Preliminaries and Notations. 3 Bayes Optimal Error and Entropy. 4 Analysis of Classification Error of Estimated (Mismatched)Distribution. 5 Density of Distributions. 6 Complex Probabilistic Models and Small Sample Effects. 7 Summary.
3. THEORY: GENERALIZATION BOUNDS. 1 Introduction. 2 Preliminaries. 3 A Margin Distribution Based Bound. 4 Analysis. 5 Summary.
4. THEORY: SEMI-SUPERVISED LEARNING. 1 Introduction.2 Properties of Classification. 3 Existing Literature. 4 Semi-supervised Learning Using Maximum Likelihood Estimation. 5 Asymptotic Properties of Maximum Likelihood Estimation with Labeled and Unlabeled Data. 6 Learning with Finite Data. 7 Concluding Remarks.
5. ALGORITHM: MAXIMUM LIKELIHOOD MINIMUM ENTROPY HMM. 1 Previous Work. 2 Mutual Information, Bayes Optimal Error, Entropy, and Conditional Probability. 3 Maximum Mutual Information HMMs. 4 Discussion. 5 Experimental Results. 6 Summary.
6. ALGORITHM: MARGIN DISTRIBUTION OPTIMIZATION. 1 Introduction. 2 A Margin Distribution Based Bound. 3 Existing Learning Algorithms. 4 The Margin Distribution Optimization (MDO) Algorithm. 5 Experimental Evaluation. 6 Conclusions. 7. ALGORITHM: LEARNING THE STRUCTURE OF BAYESIAN NETWORK CLASSIFIERS. 1 Introduction. 2 Bayesian Network Classifiers. 3 Switching between Models: Naive Bayes and TAN Classifiers. 4 Learning the Structure of Bayesian Network Classifiers: Existing Approaches. 5 Classification Driven Stochastic Structure Search. 6 Experiments. 7 Should Unlabeled Data Be Weighed Differently? 8 Active Learning. 9 Concluding Remarks.
8. APPLICATION: OFFICE ACTIVITY RECOGNITION. 1 Context-Sensitive Systems. 2 Towards Tractable and Robust Context Sensing. 3 Layered Hidden Markov Models (LHMMs). 4 Implementation of SEER. 5 Experiments. 6 Related Representations. 7Summary.
9. APPLICATION: MULTIMODAL EVENT DETECTION. 1 Fusion Models: A Review. 2 A Hierarchical Fusion Model. 3 Experimental Setup, Features, and Results. 4 Summary.
10. APPLICATION: FACIAL EXPRESSION RECOGNITION. 1 Introduction. 2 Human Emotion Research. 3 Facial Expression Recognition System. 4 Experimental Analysis. 5 Discussion.
11. APPLICATION: BAYESIAN NETWORK CLASSIFIERS FOR FACE DETECTION. 1 Introduction. 2 Related Work. 3 Applying Bayesian Network Classifiers to Face Detection. 4 Experiments. 5 Discussion.
References. Index. -
New perspectives on career counseling and guidance in Europe
Valérie Cohen-Scali, Jérôme Rossier, Laura Nota
- Springer
- 11 Octobre 2017
- 9783319614762
In industrialized societies, individuals are facing major challenges that mobilize many of their psychological and social resources. The world of work is changing constantly. Adults have to adapt their technical skills and knowledge continuously. For teenagers and young adults, choosing a vocation and constructing their future career paths is becoming increasingly difficult. The migration of people and the globalization of the workforce raise questions about social inclusion and the future of affected individuals. These examples highlight of the importance of the field of Career Counseling and Guidance to support citizens individually and collectively in building their future. The challenges our societies face demonstrate how crucial the development of research in this field is.
The European Doctoral Programme in Career Guidance and Counselling (ECADOC), funded by the European Commission from 2013-2016, has brought together PhD students working on burning issues in this field, using various theoretical references and methodologies. The four parts of this book present a selection of innovative research aiming to find answers to the named challenges. Part 1 deals with key psychological processes involved in career construction of young adults. Part 2 presents research concerning transitions over the course of life. Part 3 covers research related to interventions of career guidance and counseling. Part 4 outlines perspectives for the future and proposes a European Research Agenda for our field of research.
Perspectives on Current Research in Career Guidance and Counseling - Building Careers in Changing and Diverse Societies is dedicated to students, researchers and practitioners in the fields of education, career guidance, psychology, human resource management to inform them about very recent work and promote the development of innovative interventions and programmes. -
Bridging Divides
Stephan Gollasch, Bella S. Galil, Andrew N. Cohen
- Springer
- 24 Septembre 2006
- 9781402050473
Maritime canals dissolve natural barriers to the dispersal of marine organisms, thus providing novel opportunities for natural dispersal, as well as for shipping-mediated transport. The introduction of alien species has proved to be one of the most profound and damaging of anthropogenic deeds - with both ecological and economic costs.
This book is the first to assess the impacts of the world's three principal maritime canals - the Kiel, the Panama, the Suez - as invasion corridors for alien biota. These three canals differ in their hydrological regimes, the types of biotas they connect, and in their permeability to invasions.
Dr. Stephan Gollasch was involved in the first European ship sampling programme on ballast water, tank sediments and ship hull fouling (1992-1996). His PhD is world-wide the first thesis based on ballast water sampling. In addition to laboratory and desk studies he spent more than 125 days at sea during several biological surveys and joint ships on their voyages through the Kiel and Suez Canals. Due to the international aspect of biological invasions Dr. Gollasch became a member of several international working groups: International Council for the Exploration of the Sea (ICES); International Maritime Organization (IMO), and the Baltic Marine Biologists (BMB). As an independent consultant he is today involved projects related to biological invasions (e.g. ballast water treatment, ship sampling, risk assessment). Recently he was involved in the development of risk assessments and ballast water management scenarios for the European Atlantic coast, North, Baltic, Caspian and Mediterranean Seas.
Dr. Bella Galil is a Senior Research Scientist at the National Institute of Oceanography, Israel. Her main research interests are the anthropogenic changes occurring in the Levantine marine biota, and the impact of alien species on the Mediterranean ecosystem. She has conducted numerous studies and surveys off the Israeli coast monitoring the benthic biota from the intertidal to the bathyal. She co-chairs the scientific committee of marine ecosystems of the International Commission for Scientific Exploration of the Mediterranean (CIESM), and is a member of the Invasive Species Scientific Committee, IUCN. Galil published over 130 papers in scientific journals and co-edited a volume of the "CIESM Atlas of Exotic species in the Mediterranean". Recently she coordinated the drafting of Guidelines for controlling the vectors of introduction into the Mediterranean of non-indigenous species and invasive marine species for the UNEP Mediterranean Action Plan Regional Activity Centre for Specially Protected Areas RAC/SPA.
Dr. Andrew Cohen is the Director of the Biological Invasions Program at the San Francisco Estuary Institute in Oakland, California. His research has focused on the extent, impacts and vectors of aquatic invasions. He has organized and led rapid assessment surveys for exotic marine species in various localities including one at both ends of the Panama Canal. He helped write California's first ballast water law in 1999, and recently helped develop ballast water discharge standards for the state that seem likely to be enacted this year. He also drafted a petition from the research community that led to a U.S. ban on importing the "Killer Seaweed" Caulerpa taxifolia, and provided technical assistance to a recently successful lawsuit that will force ballast water discharges into U.S. waters to be regulated as biological pollutants under the U.S. Clean Water Act. For his work he has received a Pew Marine Conservation Fellowship and the San Francisco BayKeeper's Environmental Achievement Award.
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Extracellular Composite Matrices in Arthropods
Ephraim Cohen, Bernard Moussian
- Springer
- 12 Septembre 2016
- 9783319407401
Emphasis is placed on the elaborate cuticular matrices in insects and crustaceans, spider and insect silks, sialomes of phytophagous and blood-feeding arthropods as well as on secretions of male and female accessory glands. Focus is placed largely on insects, due to the extensive body of published research that in part is the result of available whole genome sequences of several model species (in particular Drosophila melanogaster) and accessible ESTs for other species. Such advances have facilitated fundamental insights into genomic, proteomic and molecular biology-based physiology. This new volume contains comprehensive contributions on extracellular composite matrices in arthropods. The building blocks of such matrices are formed in and secreted by single layered epithelial cells into exterior domains where their final assembly takes place.Additionally, the unique mechanical properties of natural biocomposites like chitin/chitosan, the crustacean mineralized exoskeleton, the pliant protein resilin or insect and spider silks, have inspired basic and applied research that yield sophistical biomimetics and structural biocomposite hybrids important for future industrial and biomedical use. In summary, this book provides an invaluable vast source of basic and applied information for a plethora of scientists as well as textbook for graduate and advanced undergraduate students.
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The Lacrimal System
Adam J. Cohen, Michael Mercandetti, Brian G. Brazzo
- Springer
- 25 Novembre 2006
- 9780387352671
Lacrimal system surgery is among the most common procedures performed by oculoplastic surgeons. Surgical intervention ranges from probing and intubation of blocked nasolacrimal ducts to endoscopic dacryocystorhinostomy.
There are few recently published textbooks dedicated to lacrimal surgery. The editors have chosen, in The Lacrimal System: Diagnosis, Management & Surgery, to address the complete range of lacrimal disorders in one concise, practical volume. By broadening the scope of the subject, the editors hope to meet the needs of ophthalmologists, otolaryngologists, oral maxillofacial and plastic surgeons who perform lacrimal procedures, oculoplastic fellows who are mastering the nuances of these procedures, and experts interested in learning about the most recent modifications in techniques.
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The Lacrimal System
Adam J. Cohen, Michael Mercandetti, Brian Brazzo
- Springer
- 31 Octobre 2014
- 9783319103327
While there are books that review lacrimal surgery as a portion of occuloplastic practice, The Lacrimal System: Diagnosis, Management & Surgery, Second Edition, addresses the range of lacrimal disorders in one concise, practical volume. Building off of the success of the first edition, this text includes significantly updated information, as well as new chapters that are complete with high quality color images and illustrations.Lacrimal surgeries are among the most commonly performed ones in occulopastic surgery. The procedures range from unblocking tear ducts in small children with congenital dysmorphology, to correcting dry eye through surgery. As with many of these procedures, the disorders sound minor but the patients' lives are seriously affected. By broadening the scope of the subject, the editors of The Lacrimal System, Second Edition meet the needs of oculoplastic surgeons, ophthalmologists, residents and fellows who are learning these special procedures.?
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A Computer Scientist's Guide to Cell Biology
William W. Cohen
- Springer
- 23 Juillet 2007
- 9780387482781
This practical guide provides a succinct treatment of the general concepts of cell biology, furnishing the computer scientist with the tools necessary to read and understand current literature in the field.
The book explores three different facets of biology: biological systems, experimental methods, and language and nomenclature. After a brief introduction to cell biology, the text focuses on the principles behind the most-widely used experimental procedures and mechanisms, relating them to well-understood concepts in computer science.
The presentation of the material has been prepared for the reader's quick grasp of the topic: comments on nomenclature and background notes can be ascertained at a glance, and essential vocabulary is boldfaced throughout the text for easy identification.
Computer science researchers, professionals and computer science students will find this an incomparable resource and an excellent starting point for a more comprehensive examination of cell biology.
"This concise book is an excellent introduction for computer scientists to the exciting revolution under way in molecular biology. It provides lucid, high-level descriptions of the fundamental molecular mechanisms of life, and discusses the computational principles involved. I wish this little gem was available when I was `learning the ropes'- it would have been my first choice of reading material."
--Roni Rosenfeld, Carnegie Mellon University -
This clinical casebook provides a concise yet comprehensive state-of-the-art review of liver disease. Presented in a case-based format, each case features a scenario centered on a different variant of liver disease, with sections on case history, diagnosis/assessment, treatment, outcomes, alternative approaches, and clinical pearls. Diseases covered include drug-induced liver injury, acute hepatitis, chronic hepatitis, NAFLD, and cholangitis. Scenarios such as liver disease in pregnancy, elevated liver function tests, and liver transplants are also presented in the casebook.
Written by experts in the field, Liver Disease: A Clinical Casebook is a valuable resource for clinicians and practitioners who treat patients with liver disease. -
Felix Kaufmann's Theory and Method in the Social Sciences
Robert S. Cohen, Ingeborg K. Helling
- Springer
- 19 Mai 2014
- 9783319028453
This volume contains the English translation of Felix Kaufmann's (1895-1945) main work Methodenlehre der Sozialwissenschaften (1936). In this book, Kaufmann develops a general theory of knowledge of the social sciences in his role as a cross-border commuter between Husserl's phenomenology, Kelsen's pure theory of law and the logical positivism of the Vienna Circle. This multilayered inquiry connects the value-oriented reflections of a general philosophy of science with the specificity of the methods and theories of the social sciences, as opposed to abstract natural science and psychology. The core focus of the study is the attempt to elucidate how and under what conditions scientific knowledge about social facts, empirically justified and theoretically embedded, can be obtained. The empirical basis of knowledge within the social sciences forms a phenomenological concept of experience. According to Kaufmann, this concept of experience exhibits a complex structure. Within the meaning-interpretation of human action as the core of knowledge in the social sciences, this structure reaches out across the isolated act of verification toward the synthesis of external and internal experiences. The book opens with a detailed and useful introduction by Ingeborg K. Helling, which introduces the historical and theoretical background of Kaufmann's study and specifically illuminates his relation to Alfred Schütz and John Dewey. Finally, it contains interviews with and letters to members of his family, colleagues and students.
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Providing the most current information
on the function of human growth hormone (GH) and the consequences of its
deficiency, this practical yet comprehensive text is divided into three
sections. Part one describes the mechanisms of GH secretion and action,
including the physiology of GH and its regulation by sex steroids and thyroid
hormones, the effects of both under nutrition and obesity on GH secretion, and
the metabolic effects of human recombinant GH therapy. The second section
covers diagnostic strategies and tests for GH deficiency in both children and
adults, including MRI of the pituitary. The final section describes the
different etiologies of GH deficiency, from molecular mechanisms and gene
abnormalities to cranial radiation and traumatic brain injury, along with
syndromes related to this deficiency. Presenting underlying mechanisms and
pathologies, as well as diagnostic methods, Growth
Hormone Deficiency will provide the most
up-to-date essential information and evidence on this condition for the
clinical endocrinologist. -
Clinical Systems Neuroscience
Niels Birbaumer, Kenji Kansaku, Leonardo G. Cohen
- Springer
- 28 Janvier 2015
- 9784431550372
The impaired brain has often been difficult to rehabilitate owing to limited knowledge of the brain system. Recently, advanced imaging techniques such as fMRI and MEG have allowed researchers to investigate spatiotemporal dynamics in the living human brain. Consequently, knowledge in systems neuroscience is now rapidly growing. Advanced techniques have found practical application by providing new prosthetics, such as brain-machine interfaces, expanding the range of activities of persons with disabilities, or the elderly. The book's chapters are authored by researchers from various research fields such as systems neuroscience, rehabilitation, neurology, psychology and engineering. The book explores the latest advancements in neurorehabilitation, plasticity and brain-machine interfaces among others and constitutes a solid foundation for researchers who aim to contribute to the science of brain function disabilities and ultimately to the well-being of patients and the elderly worldwide.
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Classical, Semi-classical and Quantum Noise
Marlan O. Scully, H. Vincent Poor, Leon Cohen
- Springer
- 21 Décembre 2011
- 9781441966247
David Middleton was a towering figure of 20th Century engineering and science and one of the founders of statistical communication theory. During the second World War, the young David Middleton, working with Van Fleck, devised the notion of the matched filter, which is the most basic method used for detecting signals in noise. Over the intervening six decades, the contributions of Middleton have become classics. This collection of essays by leading scientists, engineers and colleagues of David are in his honor and reflect the wide influence that he has had on many fields. Also included is the introduction by Middleton to his forthcoming book, which gives a wonderful view of the field of communication, its history and his own views on the field that he developed over the past 60 years.Focusing on classical noise modeling and applications, Classical, Semi-Classical and Quantum Noise includes coverage of statistical communication theory, non-stationary noise, molecular footprints, noise suppression, Quantum error correction, and other related topics.
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There is an increase in specialisation within general surgery and now even within its sub specialties. Colorectal surgery is probably the largest of the subspecialties of general surgery, and one of the areas where trainees and consultant general /colorectal surgeons are least confident is in their understanding of the anatomy, physiological pathology and management of the anal canal and pelvis. Currently available there are books on the market centred around the general management of colorectal disease, but the time is now right for a definitive text on the anal canal and pelvis specifically.
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Neural Correlates of Auditory Cognition
Arthur N. Popper, Richard R. Fay, Yale E. Cohen
- Springer
- 19 Octobre 2012
- 9781461423508
Hearing and communication present a variety of challenges to the nervous system. To be heard and understood, a communication signal must be transformed from a time-varying acoustic waveform to a perceptual representation to an even more abstract representation that integrates memory stores with semantic/referential information. Finally, this complex, abstract representation must be interpreted to form categorical decisions that guide behavior. Did I hear the stimulus? From where and whom did it come? What does it tell me? How can I use this information to plan an action? All of these issues and questions underlie auditory cognition.
Since the early 1990s, there has been a re-birth of studies that test the neural correlates of auditory cognition with a unique emphasis on the use of awake, behaving animals as model. Continuing today, how and where in the brain neural correlates of auditory cognition are formed is an intensive and active area of research. Importantly, our understanding of the role that the cortex plays in hearing has the potential to impact the next generation of cochlear- and brainstem-auditory implants and consequently help those with hearing impairments. Thus, it is timely to produce a volume that brings together this exciting literature on the neural correlates of auditory cognition.
This volume compliments and extends many recent SHAR volumes such as Sound Source Localization (2005) Auditory Perception of Sound Sources (2007), and Human Auditory Cortex (2010). For example, in many of these volumes, similar issues are discussed such as auditory-object identification and perception with different emphases: in Auditory Perception of Sound Sources, authors discuss the underlying psychophysics/behavior, whereas in the Human Auditory Cortex, fMRI data are presented. The unique contribution of the proposed volume is that the authors will integrate both of these factors to highlight the neural correlates of cognition/behavior. Moreover, unlike other these other volumes, the neurophysiological data will emphasize the exquisite spatial and temporal resolution of single-neuron [as opposed to more coarse fMRI or MEG data] responses in order to reveal the elegant representations and computations used by the nervous system. -
The Impact of Climate Change and Bioenergy on Nutrition
Brian Thompson, Marc J Cohen
- Springer
- 23 Avril 2012
- 9789400701106
Climate changes will affect food production in a number of ways. Crop yields, aquatic populations and forest productivity will decline, invasive insect and plant species will proliferate and desertification, soil salinization and water stress will increase. Each of these impacts will decrease food and nutrition security, primarily by reducing access to and availability of food, and also by increasing the risk of infectious disease.Although increased biofuel demand has the potential to increase incomes among producers, it can also negatively affect food and nutrition security. Land used for cultivating food crops may be diverted to biofuel production, creating food shortages and raising prices. Accelerations in unregulated or poorly regulated foreign direct investment, deforestation and unsustainable use of chemical fertilizers may also result. Biofuel production may reduce women's control of resources, which may in turn reduce the quality of household diets. Each of these effects increases risk of poor food and nutrition security, either through decreased physical availability of food, decreased purchasing power, or increased risk of disease.The Impact of Climate Change and Bioenergy on Nutrition articulates the links between current environmental issues and food and nutrition security. It provides a unique collection of nutrition statistics, climate change projections, biofuel scenarios and food security information under one cover which will be of interest to policymakers, academia, agronomists, food and nutrition security planners, programme implementers, health workers and all those concerned about the current challenges of climate change, energy production, hunger and malnutrition.
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Finite Element and Discontinuous Galerkin Methods for Transient Wave Equations
Gary Cohen, Sebastien Pernet
- Springer
- 5 Août 2016
- 9789401777612
This monograph presents numerical methods for solving transient wave equations (i.e. in time domain). More precisely, it provides an overview of continuous and discontinuous finite element methods for these equations, including their implementation in physical models, an extensive description of 2D and 3D elements with different shapes, such as prisms or pyramids, an analysis of the accuracy of the methods and the study of the Maxwell's system and the important problem of its spurious free approximations. After recalling the classical models, i.e. acoustics, linear elastodynamics and electromagnetism and their variational formulations, the authors present a wide variety of finite elements of different shapes useful for the numerical resolution of wave equations. Then, they focus on the construction of efficient continuous and discontinuous Galerkin methods and study their accuracy by plane wave techniques and a priori error estimates. A chapter is devoted to the Maxwell's system and the important problem of its spurious-free approximations. Treatment of unbounded domains by Absorbing Boundary Conditions (ABC) and Perfectly Matched Layers (PML) is described and analyzed in a separate chapter. The two last chapters deal with time approximation including local time-stepping and with the study of some complex models, i.e. acoustics in flow, gravity waves and vibrating thin plates. Throughout, emphasis is put on the accuracy and computational efficiency of the methods, with attention brought to their practical aspects.This monograph also covers in details the theoretical foundations and numerical analysis of these methods. As a result, this monograph will be of interest to practitioners, researchers, engineers and graduate students involved in the numerical simulationof waves.
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The focus of this book is on array processing and beamforming with Kronecker products. It considers a large family of sensor arrays that allow the steering vector to be decomposed as a Kronecker product of two steering vectors of smaller virtual arrays. Instead of directly designing a global beamformer for the original array, once the steering vector has been decomposed, smaller virtual beamformers are designed and separately optimized for each virtual array. This means the matrices that need to be inverted are smaller, which increases the robustness of the beamformers, and reduces the size of the observations.
The book explains how to perform beamforming with Kronecker product filters using an unconventional approach. It shows how the Kronecker product formulation can be used to derive fixed, adaptive, and differential beamformers with remarkable flexibility. Furthermore, it demonstrates how fixed and adaptive beamformers can be intelligently combined, optimally exploiting the advantages of both. The problem of spatiotemporal signal enhancement is also addressed, and readers will learn how to perform Kronecker product filtering in this context.
